The Culper Ring Americans First Spies

An Exercise in Apa Formatting - 1051 Words

Paper- Quoting and Paraphrasing APA Style Stephen Webster Abstract The following activity serves as an exercise in the application of APA style formatting for direct quotations and paraphrases. Following three examples of each, the manuscript flows into a brief evaluation of the resources retrieved from the NCU library, along with an assessment of the reference materials used to research APA style formatting. Finally, the steps taken to research the correct citation formats for the integrated quotes and paraphrases are outlined. Activity 1: Paper- Quoting and Paraphrasing APA Style Few would argue against the importance of and need for rules regulating the format of scholarly writing. This exercise in the application of APA†¦show more content†¦Each of these assets offers consistent interpretations of APA rules, easy to find explanations, and clear examples of various formatting. The OWL (2010) asserts that APA â€Å"makes it easier for readers to understand a text by providing a familiar structure they can follow (OWL, 2010, Style workshop section, para. 5). It is the combination of techniques proposed by the above resources that may not only heighten a student’s understanding of APA formatting, but may ultimately help to fortify the pool of peer reviewed articles available. The following outlines the steps taken to research the citation formats for the above. I. Choose Desired Text A. Read and evaluate applicability of subject matter from articles related to organizational behavior from NCU library 1. Determine the number of words in the direct quote a. if the passage has 40 words or more, format the quote as a long quote (OWL, 2010, Citation basics section, para. 5) II. Prepare 3 Direct Quotes A. Format a direct quote with the author’s name in the signal phrase 1. Apply appropriate APA guidelines a. include the authors last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses in a signal phrase b. include page number for the reference preceded by p. in parenthesis at the end of the quote, followed by a period (OWL, 2010, Citation basicsShow MoreRelatedACOM 103essay Plan 1239 Words   |  5 PagesESSAY PLAN ESSAY TOPIC: In response to concerns about obesity and weight-related health issues, there are a number of approaches to weight loss on offer. Compare and contrast a more traditional approach to weight loss, such as a healthy diet and exercise, with a surgical procedure used for the purposes of losing weight. Which is more effective in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight? INTRODUCTION Thesis statement: This essay will focus on comparing and contrasting whether a traditional methodRead MoreSQuest Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢ Assignment For this project you will be completing the StrengthsQuest exercise and then compiling the information and findings comparing your personal strengths with your current job. Completing the StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢ Assignment StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢ is a self-assessment tool that will provide you with valuable feedback on your strengths (you will use your findings for this assignment as well as for the NU300 Professional Development Plan). Completing the StrengthsQuest should take aboutRead MoreCreating an APA Quick Reference1287 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 APA Exercise Creating an APA Quick Reference The purpose of this assignment is to help you create a quick-reference document that allows you to find key formatting instructions in the APA manual, 6th edition. 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Voice, tone, and register Descriptive writing G. Genres H. Cause and effect I. J. Point of view Process analysis—visuals 3. Introduction to Research A. Various citation formats—APA B. C. Plagiarism and ways to avoid it Evaluating sources -2- Composition I SYLLABUS D. Conducting research E. F. Information literacy Annotations G. Exploration H. Using the ITT Tech Virtual library COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5Read MoreLsi Evaluation1667 Words   |  7 Pagesself-actualizing illustrates my planning style. According to the LSI analysis, I am effective because I am able to see possibilities and opportunities in most situations. I take an open-minded, flexible approach to my classroom activities and lab exercises, and I like to ensure that my students do the same. I don’t like doing the same old thing every day, yet at the same time I maker certain my students know exactly what we are doing every day so that they know what to expect. With leading, I feelRead MoreBus 599 Assignment 3 : Operation, Technology, and Management Plan1535 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporating appropriate functional-level strategies. 4. Format your assignment according to these formatting requirements: 1. Cite the resources you have used to complete this exercise. Note: There is no minimum requirement for the number of resources used in the exercise. 2. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. 3. IncludeRead MoreTerm Essay2794 Words   |  12 PagesNote that direct answers must be at least 250 words of substance and replies to other posts in those threads must be at least 100 words of substance. Some DQs will require you to cite and list outside references. Individual Assignment 1.1 Complete Exercise 1.1 from Ch. 1 of Communicating in the Workplace. 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The Communist Utopi A Free Car, Peace, And Free Healthcare

Imagine a place where everyone is entitled to a free car, a free house, and free healthcare. The Communist utopia is as if put at work in the paradise of Huaxi Village, a township in Jiangsu around 80 miles away from China’s economic powerhouse, Shanghai. When China effectively embraced a semi-capitalist approach in the 1980s, Huaxi was an agrarian hovel, reachable only by dirt roads. Wu Renbao, the transformative village party secretary, seized on the new market freedoms to shift the Huaxi economy from primarily farming to manufacturing and trade. Yet, privatization was not selected: the residents would pour their money into a collective pot and share in the take from whatever new profit they gained. Originally a TVE, the Huaxi Group†¦show more content†¦The newcomers receive less profits and bonuses than the original stakeholders, and the migrant workers are at the bottom, having no special financial support. Huaxi’s unique registration system safeguards the rights and living standard of the formal residents, yet if one of them leaves the village (the collective), s/he loses everything. Yet at the very top of the pyramid, the Wu clan holds resources in control. After the retirement and death of the old party secretary Wu Renbao, Wu Xie’en, Renbao’s fourth son, succeeded as the party secretary and the President of Huaxi Group. The dynastic succession and hereditary power are a rarity in Chinese villages, the places that adopt direct democracy. Huaxi is unique because of its seeming isolation to other villages, its persistence on collective ownership, its political succession, and its overwhelmingly impressive economic statistics. This policy research attempts to investigate the following questions: to what extent does Huaxi follow the standard road of rural development in China since 1978, meaning its association and application of household responsibility system and the Sunan TVE structure? How does Huaxi finance its development and expansion? What’s special about Huaxi’s industrial structure and products manufactured and how do Huaxi’s choice of manufacturing and investing relate to the village’s geography, the nearby Metropolitan area, and the domestic and

Global Agri-Food Supply Chain

Questions: 1.Critically Evaluate the current Issues, Challenges and Future of the Global Agri-Food Supply Chain. 2.Critically Evaluate the role of Culture to Promote an Efficient, Competitive, Responsible and green global Supply Chain. Answers: Introduction Supply chain management and logistics are important for the revenue generation of the companies in the agro food department. Sustainability of the supply chain management is a critical issue that the global companies are facing in order to maintain the value chain in the global agri-food supply chain. Agri-food supply chain is defined as the transfer of farming goods or agricultural foods from the production level to the final consumers. The supply chains consist of pre production activities and post consumption activities in the sector of agri-food department. In the world of globalization, countries and companies are focused in protecting the environment and reconciling the natural resource management. It creates a good impact on the field of food supply-chain management. The environmental pollution and the change in climate are considered as the factors that are responsible for threatening the different strategies towards management of sustainable supply chain. The report focuses on the issues faced by global agri-food supply chain along with implementation of theoretical frameworks in support to it. Apart from that, the role of culture in maintaining the green and effective supply chain by companies are also described in the report along with the concept of green supply chain management practices by global agri-food companies. 1.Current Issues and Challenges of the Global Agri-Food Supply Chain It can be said that the main area of issues that the agri-food supply chain faces is in the area of the logistics. Supply chain management is related to distribution channel and logistics. These two aspects are considered as the lever of the sustainable supply chain management. The issues of the supply chain management is based on the subject of order management, warehousing, packaging, delivery, waste disposal and sales returns management, shipment, delivery, etc (Burch Lawrence, 2013). The issues of the supply chain of agri-food companies in a global basis are described in the following. The logistics activities faces issues due to extreme fragmentation of the transformation industries and farms. The modern system of distribution pattern is more focused on direct control. The companies try to control all the supply-chain management activities of the whole food supply chain (Rueda, Garrett Lambin, 2017). In order to satisfy or mitigate the necessities and requirements of the agri-food industry, the market does not provide any logistic solutions towards it. The issues occurred in terms of door to door delivery and chill supply chain. The rigidity of the administrative fulfilments is responsible for lower efficiency in fresh food (Martnez-Jurado Moyano-Fuentes, 2014). Costs of logistics are increasing day by day while the prices of the fresh products are not increasing creating losses for the suppliers. As the farmers are not achieving many profits while selling their goods to the supermarkets and other big retailers, hence they are not able to use modern technologies and transport system for fast delivery of goods (Giles, 2012). Due to lack of technologies used in the farming processes, the freshness and the quality of the foods are degraded. The supermarkets and other big retailers in many countries of the world face in distribution problem and meeting the satisfaction of the customers. Quality management and maintenance of inventory is a global issue that most of the companies in agri-food sector faces in terms of making deals with the multinational companies (Dinu, 2016). Theories Related to Supply Chain Management There are many theories related to the supply chain management. Among them, three theories will be selected that will address the above mentioned issues. Six sigma in logistics is defined as the way of implementing the approach which will yield in the development of choices which is based on the balance of risk and values (Mangan, Lalwani, Lalwani, 2016). It is an internationally accepted process of management that is focused on manufacturing higher quality services or products while meeting demands and needs of the customers. The DMAIC methodology is the core of the six-sigma theory. It includes define, measure, analyse, improve and control. The processes of supply chain management are based on these aspects of the model (Dabbene, Gay Tortia, 2014). Lean manufacturing is an approach that is used by dealers and manufacturers of agri-food companies that focuses on elimination of waste in the manufacturing system. This process of manufacturing will help in the elimination of the waste from the process of manufacturing of the products (Mangan et al., 2016). The lean manufacturing system focuses on three aspects of quality, costs and delivery times. Lean manufacturing on the elimination of wastes is related to the sustainable supply chain activities. Environmental protection is also done using this practice of manufacturing (Keramydas et al., 2016). Multinational organizations use Just in Time theory that is focused on the reduction of the flow times in the whole production system along with response times from the various ranges of suppliers to the customers. Just in time is a popular theory in the supply chain management that helps in maintaining the inventory kevel as well as reducing the level of waste. It is popularly known as Toyota Production system (Aung Chang, 2014). It also maintains the different types of issues related to demand and supply of products between the manufacturers of products and the customers that ultimately helps in the maintenance of reputation (Zhang et al., 2016). Examples of Companies Facing Issues in Supply Chain Big retailers like Tesco, Wesfarmers, etc are facing issues in their supply chain management that affects the profitability of the company. Apart from that, it is seen that the codes of conduct of suppliers of the Tesco are not up to the mark. Hence, the suppliers are not providing quality materials to Tesco. The quality of the products of the Tesco is getting compromised. Besides this, the customers are complaining about the quality of the products (Handayati et al.,2015). The distributors of the agricultural products are facing issues in the increased cost of transportation. These big supermarkets usually take control over the small dealers and distributors of the agricultural products. The control of the multinational giants is due to the excessive control of the supply-chain management aspects (Mylan et al., 2015). It is seen that the prices of products of Aldi are lower than that of Tesco and Wesfarmers. It is due to the lack of inventory management and distribution of the products due to issues with the suppliers. In many countries, the transportation facilities and other technological aspects are not feasible (Bourlakis et al., 2014). It leads to lower profitability and larger cost in the manufacture of products of the agri-food companies along with maintenance of the supply chain and logistics aspects of the company. 2.Role of Culture in Promoting Efficient Competitive Supply Chain Culture has a deep impact on formulation of strategies that helps companies in building efficient, competitive and green supply-chain management strategies. For developing, efficient and competitive supply chain strategies, mutual trust, partnership, sharing information and cooperation among the different business partners are essential (Younis et al., 2016). The element of corporate culture is slightly different from that of nations culture. Agri-food companies must accomplish their corporate culture with the nations culture of their country of operation. The definition of culture consists of the collective programming of the human minds that is responsible for making differentiation from people of one culture to another culture (Schaltegger Burritt, 2014). Companies must practice cross-cultural communication in building strategies for the suppliers and the suppliers code of conduct. The six principles are described in the following that will help the agri-food companies in buildin g effective and competitive supply chain that improves relations with the suppliers (Notarnicola et al., 2017). Getting to know more about the suppliers ensuring the competition between the suppliers as an opportunity of building relationships or strengthening partnerships Supervising the suppliers Developing the technical skills of suppliers (Dries et al., 2014) Passing information to suppliers for development Working together with the suppliers in improving the supply chain processes (Cagliano, Worley Caniato, 2016) Apart from that, there are cost orientation and competitor orientation that are considered as part of organizational culture that are used by these global agri-food companies that will focus both on the nations culture and organizational culture (Shukla Jharkharia, 2013). Hence, culture helps in improving employee relations as well as improved and competitive supply chain processes that will result into profitability. It is seen that American culture and Asian culture are different from one another. Suppliers code of conduct are formulated in a way so that they can work as per the expectations (Yu et al., 2014). Concept of Global Green Supply Chain The concept of green supply chain and logistics is defined as the supply chain which is related to the improved performance of the company while measuring the attributes of cost reduction, sustainability, emission reduction by using the metrics of carbon footprint and other various technological aspects (Aitken et al., 2016). The green supply chain is used by many companies nowadays in order to maintain sustainability in the perspective of supply chain also. However, it can be said that sustainability in the aspect of logistics and supply chain is critical. Nevertheless, many companies are practicing carbon footprint and other metrics (Bhattacharya et al., 2014). There are many drivers of green logistics such as increase of energy costs, global alarm exceeds over the greenhouse gas emission, climate change, environmental protection and government agency regulations, improved awareness in the community (Matopoulos et al., 2015). The objectives of the early adopters of green supply cha in management are as follows: Mitigating risks in business while speeding up innovations Reducing costs of operations increasing adaptability Promoting alignment with customers and suppliers Attracting interests of the customers while increasing employee satisfaction (Fahimnia, Sarkis Davarzani, 2015) Creating differentiation with the competitors by recognition and brand distinction For instance, British retailer Marks and Spencers is the first in opening factories of lingerie which are known as eco-factories in the year of 2008. The factories includes many green activities of supply chain such as waste reduction, use of renewable sources of energy, healthy working conditions, energy saving devices, etc. It helps Marks and Spencers in order to save 40% less electricity. Another company Toyota is considered as the best green global brand (Beske Seuring, 2014). The supply-chain management system of Toyota is recognized as the reduction in the emission of the processes related with processes of logistics while achieving the results through utilisation of the improved assets. It shares transportation of vehicle with other enterprises. However, agri-food companies like Walmart, Hersheys, Kelloggs etc. are practicing green supply chain processes while maintaining sustainability in the process of business operations (Luthra, Garg Haleem, 2014). Conclusion The report focuses on the problems faced by agri-food companies across the world. Issues of logistics and supply chain management are common while they are responsible in creating a deep impact in the different areas of business operations such as demand and supply, financial aspects, inventory management, distribution system and finally to profitability. Apart from that different types of theoretical frameworks of supply chain management such as lean manufacturing, six-sigma, and just in time are explained in details that covers all the issues described in the above. The agri-food companies are also facing problems in terms of greater control of their dealers. On the contrary, big companies like Wesfarmers, Tesco, etc. are also facing issues in their supply chain management aspects and distribution aspects that leads to compromise in quality and costs of products. The concept of green supply chain management is also described in details along with its objectives and drivers initiati ng the different green activities of reducing the environmental impact of the practices of supply chain management. Beside this, culture is an aspect that affect the formulation of effective sustainable strategies in global supply chain management of the agri-food companies. The aspect of culture deals with the people and employees associated with the whole supply chain and logistics of the agri-food companies. References Aitken, J., Aitken, J., Bozarth, C., Bozarth, C., Garn, W., Garn, W. (2016). To eliminate or absorb supply chain complexity: A conceptual model and case study.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,21(6), 759-774. Aung, M. M., Chang, Y. S. (2014). Traceability in a food supply chain: Safety and quality perspectives.Food control,39, 172-184. Beske, P., Seuring, S. (2014). Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,19(3), 322-331. Bhattacharya, A., Mohapatra, P., Kumar, V., Dey, P. K., Brady, M., Tiwari, M. K., Nudurupati, S. S. (2014). Green supply chain performance measurement using fuzzy ANP-based balanced scorecard: a collaborative decision-making approach.Production Planning Control,25(8), 698-714. Bosona, T., Gebresenbet, G. (2013). Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain.Food control,33(1), 32-48. Bourlakis, M., Maglaras, G., Aktas, E., Gallear, D., Fotopoulos, C. (2014). Firm size and sustainable performance in food supply chains: Insights from Greek SMEs.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 112-130. Bourlakis, M., Maglaras, G., Gallear, D., Fotopoulos, C. (2014). Examining sustainability performance in the supply chain: The case of the Greek dairy sector.Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), 56-66. Burch, D., Lawrence, G. (2013). Financialization in agri-food supply chains: Private equity and the transformation of the retail sector.Agriculture and Human Values,30(2), 247-258. Cagliano, R., Worley, C. G., Caniato, F. F. (2016). The Challenge of Sustainable Innovation in Agri-Food Supply Chains. InOrganizing Supply Chain Processes for Sustainable Innovation in the Agri-Food Industry(pp. 1-30). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Dabbene, F., Gay, P., Tortia, C. (2014). Traceability issues in food supply chain management: A review.Biosystems Engineering,120, 65-80. Dinu, D. (2016). Supply chain performance within agri-food sector.Ekonomika Poljoprivrede,63(3), 919-928. Dries, L., Gorton, M., Urutyan, V., White, J. (2014). Supply chain relationships, supplier support programmes and stimulating investment: evidence from the Armenian dairy sector.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(1), 98-107. Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., Davarzani, H. (2015). Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,162, 101-114. Giles, John. (2012). Challenges in the Global Agri-Food Sector: A Consultant's Perspective on 'Big Picture' Issues Les defis pour le secteur agroalimentaire mondial : Le point de vue d'un consultant sur les grandes questions Herausforderungen in der globalen Agrar- und Ernahrungswirtschaft: Ansichten eines Unternehmensberaters mit Blick auf das gro[beta]e Ganze.(Report).EuroChoices,11(1), 34. Handayati, Y., Simatupang, T. M., Perdana, T. (2015). Agri-food supply chain coordination: the state-of-the-art and recent developments.Logistics Research,8(1), 5. Keramydas, C., Papapanagiotou, K., Vlachos, D., Iakovou, E. (2016). Risk Management for Agri?food Supply Chains.Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Food Networks, 255-292. Luthra, S., Garg, D., Haleem, A. (2014). Green supply chain management: Implementation and performancea literature review and some issues.Journal of Advances in Management Research,11(1), 20-46. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Martnez-Jurado, P. J., Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2014). Lean management, supply chain management and sustainability: a literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,85, 134-150. Matopoulos, A., Barros, A. C., Van der Vorst, J. G. A. J. (2015). Resource-efficient supply chains: a research framework, literature review and research agenda.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,20(2), 218-236. Mylan, J., Geels, F. W., Gee, S., McMeekin, A., Foster, C. (2015). Eco-innovation and retailers in milk, beef and bread chains: enriching environmental supply chain management with insights from innovation studies.Journal of Cleaner Production,107, 20-30. Notarnicola, B., Sala, S., Anton, A., McLaren, S. J., Saouter, E., Sonesson, U. (2017). The role of life cycle assessment in supporting sustainable agri-food systems: A review of the challenges.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, 399-409. Rueda, X., Garrett, R., Lambin, E. (2017). Corporate investments in supply chain sustainability: Selecting instruments in the agri-food industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, 2480. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2014). Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains: Review and sustainability supply chain management framework.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), 232-241. Shukla, M., Jharkharia, S. (2013). Agri-fresh produce supply chain management: a state-of-the-art literature review.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(2), 114-158. Younis, H., Younis, H., Sundarakani, B., Sundarakani, B., Vel, P., Vel, P. (2016). The impact of implementing green supply chain management practices on corporate performance.Competitiveness Review,26(3), 216-245. Yu, W., Chavez, R., Feng, M., Wiengarten, F. (2014). Integrated green supply chain management and operational performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(5/6), 683-696. Zhang, A., Zhang, A., Luo, W., Luo, W., Shi, Y., Shi, Y., ... Sim, Z. H. X. (2016). Lean and Six Sigma in logistics: a pilot survey study in Singapore.International Journal of Operations Production Management,36(11), 1625-164

Human Rights System

The human right system as defined by the United Nation Human Rights System is a system whereby, the fundamental rights of humans are observed as well as character and worth of all the persons. Included in this system is the application of equal rights and system to all persons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Nations have set a preamble on the rights that should be assigned to humans. The preamble preaches of application of human rights to all people with maximum fairness and campaigns against discrimination, whether on the age of the person or sexual orientation. Many rights are discussed in the universal declaration of human rights proposal in regard to the rights of individuals in a given country. The thirty articles contained in this declaration all aim at ensuring that the people rights are observed at all means. The rights speak of a general im portance of the people having the equal rights to others and living together in the spirit of brotherhood. The purpose of human rights is to be able to protect human agency and to protect humans against abuse and oppression. Negative freedom is fought against through the underlined rights. According to Ignatieff, the rights subsistence is also important as the right of agency, since both of them fight against torture (Gutman, 2001). Though the subsistence right is not, negative freedom is equally as bad because it causes cruelty and punishment to the people. The importance of human right is to protect human agency, which is not always inclusive of the negative freedom only. However, just because human rights are enforced does not mean that the people will live a wonderful life. The sole purpose of these rights is to ensure that individuals do not face any kind of abuse and torture. Proliferation of right is however discouraged, as setting out rights that are not necessarily needed t o protect agency may weaken even the power of the enforcers. Achievement of the international human rights may be a problem due to proliferation of rights since it is hard to achieve an intercultural assent to rights. Human right also faces a problem of nationalism.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By nationalism it means the right of self- determining. The problem with nationalism is that if it has to be practiced, the majority have their way while minority have just their say. Some people will benefit while others lose. Ultimately, nationalism means that some rights will be observed and others violated; this is however not what human rights stands for since it seeks to make sure that the right of all individuals are observed and equality is the main driving force (Gutman, 2001). The United Nation has a dream of creating a global community, which observes human rights. Anthro pology plays a great role in this by carrying out a research on the different culture, and also monitoring the observance of rights and when need arises in fighting against incidences of violation of rights. Anthropology is a big advocator of the human rights through collectively fighting of human rights and for individuals. Anthropologists have also shown great commitment in the political area, involving themselves in activities that fight away oppression in the society. Anthropology seeks to put back human back to their rights. Anthropologist can be of great help on the understanding of human rights through showing conceptions of rights, and how they function in different cultures. For example, in Latin America traditionally citizenship excluded the locals and were subject to rights violations. Through the years anthropologists have studied the international law and tried to reform it to such a way that they revive legal pluralism. It is through this time that legal anthropology r ose up that aimed at ensuring the right of individuals internationally. A culture of transnational culture has been created where some countries like Hawaii have followed the international human rights law. Anthropology therefore embraces the need to have law in the society that guides the people (Wilson 2006). Having the law will ensure that equality among the individuals is observed and the people in the society will have knowledge of the same. Incidences of violation of the rights are therefore minimal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Adams book on the suffering of winds of Lhasa, universal rights people are well advocated as compared to individualist rights of people. Vincanne is keen to note that the Tibetan refugees would endure lesser pain if the rights of all the individuals were considered. The data collected in this book reveal that the internatio nal rights were not followed. The way they were fighting against the denial of the rights took them so long to get the independence, and it is only when they sort the rights universally that their views were heard (Adams, 2002). Culture is brought out as barrier to the rights of individually in the society, the fact that their culture embraced torture made them take long in fighting for their rights. Sometimes, incidences of violence and suffering are important in adding the dimension of experience to the language of rights. Suffering brings understanding to the people of the accepted human suffering right to the people. The same is expressed in the anthropology theory where we are deemed to imagine ourselves living the lives of other people and enjoy the treatment they enjoy. Instances of having political violence and atrocity are some of the ways the human rights of people can be denied. According to Humphrey (2002), violence does not only to cause injury, but also destroy the hum an life. In such a setting where the political violence is in existence, the rights of people are usually not practiced and oppression is high. After the end of the violence, the only way to ensure that such violation does not occur again is ensuring that there is closure among the affected parties. Achieving closure means that the victims’ rights are observed and those in the violation of the rights are subjected to the justice of the later or international justice (Humphrey, 2002). S ometimes the rights of the victim are seen as an obstacle to political change. Such a notion should not exist since for justice to be there, it is necessary to have people’s rights being observed. Observance of the rights laid down is not usually followed especially in scenarios involving politics. Internationally, there have been various incidences of violence and this time through violation and lack of awareness to the general public. Application of rights right down by the United Nati on is not always followed.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The right against oppression, which is highlighted in their declaration of human rights is not followed in some countries; Argentina is one of the countries that has faced this problem. Military dictatorship around the1970s denied the people their rights by subjecting them to oppression, torture, and imprisonment. Through this time, the constitution was not followed and rights against the people were denied. Pressure amounted from the international community that led to formation of human right groups that fought impunity. It is through the meetings between these groups that pushed the authority to stop oppression and embrace transition. Truth and justice commission emerged at this point, and were campaigned for democracy (Bosco, 2004). Creation of democracy led the government to engage in attempts to set up ways of ensuring that the justice in the country is observed, as well as a frame work of ensuring human rights are followed. To the local people, some individuals have gone to t he extent of putting up memorial landscapes that are historical to the people, reminding them of the time their rights were being violated. Madres de Plaza de Mayo is one of the symbols used in Argentina, that acts as a reminder to the general public of having the rights of the public (Bosco, 2004). The symbols are reminders of the visitors as well as the public of the past and how oppressive it was to them. Rituals have also been used as a symbol of fighting incidences of lack of issuing of rights. The fact that they are collective can offer a commemoration to all the people of importance of the past as well as the need to observe human rights. Education to the local public of their rights has been promoted through various methods. Among them has been setting up Truth and Reconciliation bodies. In these bodies, the cause of the violence is determined as well as the reasons that led to the occurrence of the violence. According to Humphrey (2002), it is not always that these bodies o ffer justice to the public, as in some instances, for example the incident is South Africa: So that the truth can be determined, the violators of these rights were given amnesty to unreveal the truth that would set closure to the general public. Humphrey highlights that the testimony has more importance than meeting the individuals’ physiological needs. Giving these testimonies also involved transformation and creation of a culture of having human rights being observed. Humphreys is also keen to note that the international court can be used to offer justice to the individuals who have been involved in massive denial of rights (Humphrey, 2002). Through this system, the public rights can be fought against as well as ensure that justice is practiced. Having trial is one of the steps that can be taken to ensure that the general population has recovered from the violence times. Morality is also instilled by this move. However, this is not always enough, working with the memory of the past is important in ensuring that the political reality is created in the country. Human rights are important among individuals in any society. They enhance the spirit of living in harmony among the individuals in the society. There are many theories that explain the need to have practice of right. Among them is the anthropology theory that stresses on the need of collective fight for peoples’ rights (Wilson, 2006). There is no need to just highlight the rights that people have without ever ensuring that the rights are given to the people. Justice is also an important element in offering the rights of the people; individuals involved in violence against other people, whether political or not, should be accountable for their actions. There is also the need to have a truth and justice commission to bring healing to a country that has suffered great violence, and also trials to individuals involved. To a country involved in violence, there is need to set a reminder to the f uture generation where the country has come from, to ensure that it does not happen again. Setting out symbols can be one of the solutions that remind the locals of where they have come from. List of References Adams, V. (2002) Suffering the Winds of Lhasa: Politicized Bodies, Human Rights, Cultural difference, and Humanism in Tibet, in The Anthropology of Globalization. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Bosco, F. J. (2004) Human rights Politics and scaled performances of memory: conflicts among the Madres De Plaza De Mayo in Argentina. Social Cultural Geography. Gutman, A. (2001) Introduction. In Michael Ignatieff Human Rights: As Politics and Idolatry. Princeton University Press: Princeton and Oxford. Humphrey, M. (2002) The Politics of Atrocity and Reconciliation: From terror to trauma. London: Routledge. Wilson, R. (2006) Afterward to â€Å"Anthropology and Human Rights in a New Key†: The Social Life of Rights. American Anthropologist. This essay on Human Rights System was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Mars

Mars The planet Mars is nicknamed the god of war. The Planet probably got its name from its red color, Mars is sometimes called the red planet. Mars’ orbit is significant because it is elliptical. Mars average temperature is about -55C and at the winter poles it is almost about 27 C. There are four major land forms on Mars. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system rising 24 km above the surrounding plain. Its plain is more than 500 km in diameter and is rimmed by a cliff 6 km high. Tharsis is a huge bulge on the Martian surface that is about 4000 km across and 10 km high. Valles Marineris is a system of canyons 4000 km long and from 2 to 7 km deep. Hellas Planita is an impact crater in the southern hemisphere over 6 km deep and 2000 km in diameter. Most of the Martian surface is very old and scattered, but there are many other valleys, ridges, hills and plains. The most likely contrast of the sun is that its dense core is about 1700km in radius, a molten rocky mantle a little denser than the earth’s and a thin crust. With Mars relatively low density compared to the other planets its appears that its core probably contains a relatively large fraction of sulfur in addition to iron. Mars also appears to lack active plate tectonics . Having no lateral plate motion, hot spots under the crust stay in a fixed position relative to the surface. There is no evidence of volcanic activity on the planet Mars. There lots of erosion and small floods that happen on Mars. There is other possibilities of other fluids besides water on planet Mars . The age of erosion channels is estimated to be about nearly 4 billion years. Doing to Mar’s plate tectonics it is not able to recycle any of this carbon dioxide back into its atmosphere and so cannot sustain a significant green house effect. The surface of Mars is colder than the earth would be at that distance of the sun. It has a thin atmosphere composed of tiny amount of Ca... Free Essays on Mars Free Essays on Mars Mars The planet Mars is nicknamed the god of war. The Planet probably got its name from its red color, Mars is sometimes called the red planet. Mars’ orbit is significant because it is elliptical. Mars average temperature is about -55C and at the winter poles it is almost about 27 C. There are four major land forms on Mars. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system rising 24 km above the surrounding plain. Its plain is more than 500 km in diameter and is rimmed by a cliff 6 km high. Tharsis is a huge bulge on the Martian surface that is about 4000 km across and 10 km high. Valles Marineris is a system of canyons 4000 km long and from 2 to 7 km deep. Hellas Planita is an impact crater in the southern hemisphere over 6 km deep and 2000 km in diameter. Most of the Martian surface is very old and scattered, but there are many other valleys, ridges, hills and plains. The most likely contrast of the sun is that its dense core is about 1700km in radius, a molten rocky mantle a little denser than the earth’s and a thin crust. With Mars relatively low density compared to the other planets its appears that its core probably contains a relatively large fraction of sulfur in addition to iron. Mars also appears to lack active plate tectonics . Having no lateral plate motion, hot spots under the crust stay in a fixed position relative to the surface. There is no evidence of volcanic activity on the planet Mars. There lots of erosion and small floods that happen on Mars. There is other possibilities of other fluids besides water on planet Mars . The age of erosion channels is estimated to be about nearly 4 billion years. Doing to Mar’s plate tectonics it is not able to recycle any of this carbon dioxide back into its atmosphere and so cannot sustain a significant green house effect. The surface of Mars is colder than the earth would be at that distance of the sun. It has a thin atmosphere composed of tiny amount of Ca...

Human Biology - Regulation and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Biology - Regulation and Control - Essay Example Noble et al (1964) denotes that males respond faster to responses than females (p. 945). In addition, Luchies et al. (2002) asserts that response is always high among the young individuals till the late twenties and reduces as the individual approaches fifty years to sixty years (p. 142). Through the experiment, we will identify the differences in the responses among different genders and age. Methodology and Procedure We will consider the responses of different individuals in order to come up with a typology that addresses the distinctions on how people respond to reactions. The experiment will involve the use of a sharp object that will be used to trigger a reaction on each individual. In reference to Kosinski (2010), an external body that comes into contact with the human skin causes an impulse in the nervous system and triggers a reaction. This experiment is aimed at showing how fast the individuals will react. Each of these individuals will be exposed to one prick at a time whil e holding a ruler on the other side. This is to allow the body nervous system to send only one impulse at a time. Kosinski (2010) asserts that this allows the body to react effectively. Exposure to several pricks will lead to a triggering of many responses and may take longer for the body to determine which response to carry out. The individual exposed to the prick is expected to drop the ruler once he senses the pain. The time differences on how each of the individual responds to the stimuli will be measured and recorded in a table. The time difference and the speed at which each individual releases the ruler will be calculated using the s  =  so  +  vot  +  ?at2 formulae. The time difference at which each individual releases the ruler will be recorded in the table below. The experiment will employ univariate analysis of descriptive statistics to test the hypothesis about the relationships or the differences in the population grounded on the measurements of the samples. Time by Student Time by Teacher Male Female Male Female The Sample The sample, as indicated in the objective of the experiment, will involve two factors that affect reaction times in individuals. According to Welford (1980), various factors affect an individual’s response to stimuli (p. 13). Sanders (1998, p. 23) assert that individuals respond differently to stimuli according to their age and gender. The experiment will use four students, both male and female, and four teachers, male and female. The Results After the experiment, the students showed a higher response than the teachers while male students and teachers had a higher response than the female teachers and students. Response Time by Student (seconds) Response Time by Teacher (Seconds) Male Female Male Female 0.12s 0.18s 0.18s 0.22s 0.16s 0.19s 0.185s 0.21s The Means are 0.14, 0.185, 0.1825, 0.215 seconds for male students, female students, male teachers and female teachers respectively. From the experiment, we can deduce that males have a lower reaction time than female, and as according to Rose et al (2002, p. 27), reaction time increases with an increase in ages. Though the experiment did not use a large sample, it gave us an idea on the factors that affect response to stimuli of individuals. However, the empirical assessment of individual response to stimuli obtained from this typology may require future additions. There is room for future research just like Whelan (2008,